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USGS Research Biologist Paul Cryan takes a female hoary bat out of a net. This bat was intercepted during its spring migration through New Mexico. Photo by Leslie Cryan.

USGS Research Biologist Paul Cryan takes a female hoary bat out of a net. This bat was intercepted during its spring migration through New Mexico. Photo by Leslie Cryan.

The Radar Entomology Online Bibliography

Ahlén, I., L. Bach, H.J. Baagøe, and J. Pettersson. 2007. Bats and offshore wind turbines studied in southern Scandinavia. Unpublished report (No. 5571) to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden.

Bruderer, B., and A.G. Popa-Lisseanu. 2005. Radar data on wing-beat frequencies and flight speeds of two bat species. Acta Chiropterologica 7: 73-82.

Chapman, J.W. 2002. High-altitude migration of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) to the U.K.: a study using radar, aerial netting, and ground trapping. Ecological Entomology 27(6): 641-650.

Chapman, J.W., D.R. Reynolds, and A.D. Smith. 2003. Vertical-looking radar: a new tool for monitoring high-altitude insect migration. BioScience 53: 503-511.

Cryan, P.M., and R. Diehl. In Press. Analyzing bat migration. In Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats, 2nd edition. T.H. Kunz and S. Parsons (editors). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.

Drake, A. 2002. Automatically operating radars for monitoring insect pest migrations. Insect Science 9(4): 27-39.

Glover, K.M., K.R. Hardy, T.G. Konrad, W.N. Sullivan, and A.S. Michaels. 1966. Radar observations of insects in free flight. Science 154: 967-972.

Hobbs, S.E., and W.W. Wolf. 1996. Developments in airborne entomological radar. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 13: 58-61.

Johnson, C.G. 1969. Migration and dispersal of insects by flight. Methuen and Co. Ltd., London, UK.

Kunz, T.H., E.B. Arnett, B.M. Cooper, W.P. Erickson, R.P. Larkin, T. Mabee, M.L. Morrison, M.D. Strickland, and J.M. Szewczak. 2007. Assessing impacts of wind-energy development on nocturnally active birds and bats: a guidance document. Journal of Wildlife Management 71: 2449-2486.

Larkin, R. 1991. Flight speeds observed with radar, a correction: slow "birds" are insects. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 29: 221-224.

Mascanzoni, D. and H. Wallin. 1986. The harmonic radar: a new method of tracing insects in the field. Ecological Entomology 11: 387-390.

Mueller, E.A. and R.P. Larkin. 1985. Insects observed using dual-polarization radar. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 2: 49-54.

Reynolds, D.R. 2008. A radar study of emigratory flight and layer formation by insects at dawn over southern Britain. Bulletin of Entomological Research 98: 35-52.

Riley, J.R. 1973. Angular and temporal variations in the radar cross-sections of insects. P.I. Electr. Eng. 120: 1229-1232.

Riley, J.R. 1975. Collective orientation in night-flying insects. Nature 253: 113-114.

Riley, J.R. 1980. Radar as an aid to the study of insect flight. Pp. 131-140 in C.J. Amlaner, Jr., and D.W. Macdonald (editors). A handbook on biotelemetry and radio tracking. Pergamon, New York, NY.

Riley, J.R. 2003. The feasibility of using vertical-looking radar to monitor the migration of brown planthopper and other insect pests of rice in China. Insect Science 10(1): 1-19.

Riley, J.R. and D.R. Reynolds. 1979. Radar-based studies of the migratory flight of grasshoppers in the middle Niger area of Mali. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B204: 67-82.

Riley, J.R. and D.R. Reynolds. 1983. A long-range migration of grasshoppers observed in the Sahelian zone of Mali by two radars. J. Anim. Ecol. 52: 167-183.

Riley, J.R., P. Valeur, A.D. Smith, D.R. Reynolds, G.M. Poppy, and C. Lofstedt. 1998. Harmonic radar as a means of tracking the pheromone-finding and pheromone-following flight of male moths. Journal of Insect Behavior 11: 287-296.

Smith, A.D., J.R. Riley, and R.D. Gregory. 1993. A method for routine monitoring of the aerial migration of insects by using a vertical-looking radar. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B340: 393-404.

Waloff, Z. 1972. Observations on the airspeeds of freely flying locusts. Anim. Behav. 20: 367-372.

Williams, T.C., L.C. Ireland, and J.M. Williams. 1973. High altitude flights of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis, observed with radar. Journal of Mammalogy 54: 807-821.

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